Sunflower Genotypes with Valuable Characteristics According to the Actual Requests Referring to Maintaining Genetic Biodiversity and Adaptation for Cultivation
in Different Systems of Durable Agriculture
Maria Joiţa-Păcureanu1,2, Florin Gabriel Anton2, Gabriel Popescu2, Laurentiu Ciornei2, Victor Petcu1,2, Ioana Todirica2, Simona Simion2, Mariana Sandu2, Amalia Strateanu2, Luxiţa Rȋșnoveanu3,4
1Centrul de Studii și Cercetări de Biodiversitate Agrosilvică "Acad. David Davidescu", București
2Institutul Național de Cercetare Dezvoltare Agricolă Fundulea
3Stațiunea de Cercetare-Dezvoltare Agricolă Brăila
4Academia de Studii Economice, Facultatea de Economie Agroalimentară și Ingineria Mediului, București
Keywords: sunflower, genetic resources, wild species, environment, technology.
Abstract: Compared to the other main temperate crops, cultivated sunflower is a recent crop. It experienced a domestication bottleneck that narrowed its genetic base but the large number of sunflower CWR makes it possible to mine a vast genetic pool for crop improvement.
Even, in sunflower breeding process it has been done efforts, in all breeding programs, for improving different characteristics, the seed yield in farms is not at the level of the genetic potential of the cultivars (hybrids).
This is because of some limitative factors, biotic and abiotic, or because of an inadequate cultivation technology.
Different genetic resources are used in breeding for diseases or drought resistance, for herbicides resistance, for increasing oil content and oil quality.
The best sources are wild species of genus Helianthus which produced the best results for all important characteristics
There have been created genotypes well adapted to different environmental conditions, also genotypes which can be cultivated in different technology systems.
The new created sunflower hybrids are more productive, giving to farmers the way to obtain good profit.